John Friend Cave
Preserves
An ecosystem without light
John Friend Cave is a world that exists without the light of the sun, and is habitat to unusual and unique species that have evolved to survive in the permanent darkness.
Significance:
John Friend Cave is a 1,000 foot long limestone cave that is home to rare bats and invertebrate aquatic crustaceans. Five species of bats are known from this cave, including the small footed, eastern pipistrel, and historically the federally endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis). The cave supports three nationally rare species of subterranean, aquatic crustaceans (Stygobromus emarginatus, S. allegheniensis, and Caecidotea holsingeri).
Natural History:
Isolated from weather, natural disturbances, and sunlight, caves have evolved their own distinctive and highly fragile ecosystems. Because caves are always dark, no green plants can grow, placing them among the most ecologically uncommon habitats on earth. The animals occupying caves have solved the problem of survival in these dark, nutrient-poor environments in one of two ways. Some, including bats and wood rates, inhabit caves by day but return to the surface to forage at night. Others, the true
troglodytes (cave-dwelling animals), have adapted so completely to the special conditions of caves that they cannot survive outside of them. Most have lost their eyes and body pigment, as well as acquiring behavioral, metabolic, and reproductive adaptations that differ markedly from their surface-dwelling relatives.
Provided by "The Nature Conservancy" http://nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/states/maryland/preserves/art4773.html
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